Genus

Genus, by Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38493 / CC BY SA 3.0

#Genera
#Botanical_nomenclature
#Plant_taxonomy
#Zoological_nomenclature
#Bacterial_nomenclature
#Taxa_named_by_Joseph_Pitton_de_Tournefort
Genus

A genus (,  genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

The composition of a genus is determined by a taxonomist. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful:

Moreover, genera should be composed of phylogenetic units of the same kind as other (analogous) genera.

The term comes from the Latin ' ("origin, type, group, race"), a noun form cognate with ' ("to bear; to give birth to"). Linnaeus popularized its use in his 1753 "Species Plantarum", but the French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656–1708) is considered "the founder of the modern concept of genera".

The scientific name of a genus is also called the generic name; it is always capitalised. It plays a pivotal role in binomial nomenclature, the system of naming organisms.

The rules for the scientific names of organisms are laid down in the Nomenclature Codes, which allow each species a single unique name that, for "animals" (including protists), "plants" (also including algae and fungi) and prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea), is Latin and binomial in form; this contrasts with common or vernacular names, which are non-standardized, can be non-unique, and typically also vary by country and language of usage. Except for viruses, the ...

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#Genera #Botanical_nomenclature #Plant_taxonomy #Zoological_nomenclature #Bacterial_nomenclature #Taxa_named_by_Joseph_Pitton_de_Tournefort

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